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Modern Physics
Modern Physics

Stefan-Boltzmann Law (Blackbody Form)

P=σAT4P = \sigma A T^4

Total power radiated by an ideal blackbody (emissivity ε = 1) is proportional to the fourth power of temperature. For real (gray) surfaces, use the general emissivity form P = εσAT⁴.

Variables

P
Power radiated
W
\sigma
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
W/(m²·K⁴)
A
Surface area
m²
T
Temperature
K

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